In fact, it can not be mentioned that this primitive condition which now we have endeavored to explain had really an organized industry. In order to find its traces it is not absolutely mandatory to return, as we have done previously, to the infancy of society, or to observe man in the savage state; we can discover a kind of faithful image of it, even to-day, wherever a small group of men stay separate from the rest of society, or without strange communication with it. This offers them a decided benefit over their savage neighbors. But step by step, in proportion as exchanges became more frequent, these accessory labors separated sharply from agricultural industry, where they were always out of place and imperfectly executed. In proportion as the number of exchanges will increase, below the affect of causes which we have enumerated elsewhere (see Exchange), a division of labor takes place, in the sense that each individual chooses a distinct occupation to which he devotes himself solely, leaving to others the duty of carrying on those which he has abandoned. Exchanges consequently multiply greater than ever, and by their enhance lend a new importance to that different branch of normal labor, whose object it is to facilitate exchanges, and which is named commerce.

They acquired a larger significance by the separation itself, and tended to represent, under the identify of manufacturing arts, or manufacturing industry, a wonderfully distinct department of industry which, feeble at first and in the infancy of society, now occupies a high place amongst civilized nations. It now has help centers in 9 countries-a quantity Schultz said might triple in the coming years-and a 10-year, $500 million investment fund that helps sustainability packages, such as adaptation coaching for farmers and testing new coffee varieties. In their activity, as in that of the farmers of the American border, all industrial labors had been united, all social capabilities brought together, with this extra circumstance, that because the patriarchs acknowledged no superior authority to which they owed obedience, they held besides the features of the federal government of their arms. On shut examination all the functions of social life are discovered there united, although a lot of them appeared solely in germ.

It is true, due to this fact, that in this small group, composed of so few males, all the essential capabilities of the social order had been united. Around agricultural industry, which in a certain means formed the idea of the widespread labors, have been gradually grouped manufacturing industry, commercial industry, the effective arts, which were not unknown there, as well as the labors which to-day kind the appanage of the professions referred to as liberal, together with even the functions pertaining to public authority. We’re indebted to it generally for the creation of cities; for it is the character of the manufacturing arts, which aren’t, like agriculture, fastened to the soil, to affiliate in groups, to concentrate and form by their union those plenty of inhabitants which are referred to as cities. At the same time a number of different labors, previously without distinct character and confounded in the general mass, are detached from the common trunk: labors of art, of science, these relating to authorities, the police, and basically all those which type the item of what is called at present the liberal professions. It was a small picture of the world, as it exists in its present situation; with this sole difference that, on this planet of the tribe, all these features were mingled, confounded, exercised by the identical agents, whereas on the planet of to-day they’re separated and intrusted to different agents, without ceasing on that account to be united and dependent on one another, as a lot as they might presumably be the primary day.

Still, as industry, thought of with reference to the group of the labors which it embraces, is an primarily progressive phenomenon, which though topic to certain invariable laws derived from the nature of man itself, is built up in a gradual and progressive manner; because it begins in a rude state and rises step by step to the miracles of group, which we witness to day, just like the tree which, contained at first within the germ, develops solely with time, and throws out its branches successively, it seems to us helpful to think about it in its rudimentary and primitive state. This is the extra vital since it is not developed usually, within the sense that its group is equally superior in all places; it is, on the contrary, very unequally developed according to locality, and we discover right here and there, in locations even far superior in civilization, remnants of its primitive organization. Another distinctive trait of this primitive group is, that a sort of intimate neighborhood existed in it amongst males, a minimum of among those forming the identical society, in such a way that they performed the greater a part of their labors in common, and made a direct division of the fruits of those labors.